Hawthorn

Hawthorn

(Crataegus laevigata)

Angina, hypotension, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, tachycardia; cardiotonic; congestive heart failure.

Schussler, 1995, Weihmayr, 1996

Standardized: 5% standardized extract containing Flavonoids 4.5mg
1 capsule with water 3 x daily

Whole Herb: (Berry powder) 475mg
1 capsule with water 3 x daily

Pharmacology:
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Hawthorn bioflavonoids reportedly cause dilation of both peripheral and coronary vessels thus acting as an antihypertensive. Hawthorn is also believed to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme and demonstrates a modest diuretic effect. In addition, Hawthorn-derived glycosides reportedly increase vagal tone. The symptoms of angina and peripheral vascular disease have seen improvement through Hawthorn's vasodilating properties. Proanthocyanidins of Hawthorn are claimed to have spasmolytic effects and have been reported to reverse atherosclerotic process in laboratory studies. Cardiac performance has been reported to improve without affecting or increasing coronary blood flow. Flavonoid compounds in Hawthorn are reported to have a variety of positive effects on collagen structure in blood vessels.

Theoretical Cautions and Contraindications:

Contraindicated in pregnancy, use with caution in individuals receiving antihypertensive medications, including vasodilators and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (since Hawthorn has the potential to share some effects associated with ACE inhibitors), and in individuals receiving cardiac glycosides. May cause dizziness, headache, or hypotension. Caution in individuals at risk of hypotension including those taking antihypertensive medication or agents that predispose to orthostasis, elderly individuals, or those who would not tolerate transient hypotensive episodes (i.e., cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease). Hawthorn is not recommended for children under the age of 12 years. It may take up to 2 weeks to see effects. Avoid use during pregnancy and lactation.

Theoretical Interactions:

Antiarrhythmics, antihypertensive (vasodilators, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers), cardiac glycosides (digoxin). Hawthorn preparations may potentiate the actions of digitalis, though this effect has not been confirmed.

References:

Ammon HP and Handel M, "Crataegus, Toxicology and Pharmacology, Part I: Toxicity," Plant Med, 1981, 43(2): 105-20.

European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy (ESCOP). ESCOP monographs on the medicinal uses of plant drugs. Exeter, UK: ESCOP; 1997,1999.

Schmidt, U., et al. "Efficacy of the Hawthorn (Crataegus) Preparation LI 132 in 78 Patients with Chronic Congestive Heart Failure Defined as NYHA Functional Class II," Phytomedicine 1:17-24, 1994.

Schussler M, Holzl J, and Fricke U, "Myocardial Effects of Flavonoids from Crataegus Species," Arzneimittelfschung, 1995, 45(8): 842-5.

Tauchert, M., et al. "Effectiveness of Hawthorn Extract LI 132 Compared with the ACE Inhibitor Captopril: Multicenter Double-Blind Study with 132 NYHA Stage II," Munch Med 136(Suppl): S27-33, 1994.

Weihmayr T & Ernst E, "Therapeutic Effectiveness of Crataegus," Fortschr Med, 1996, 114(1-2): 27-9.

Short, R. (ed.), "Clinical Considerations for Specific Herb-Drug Interactions & Potential Adverse Effects of Herbs", Facts and Comparisons The Review of Natural Products, St. Louis (Mo), 1998 Dec; 1-8.

Fetrow, C.W., Avila, J. R., Complementary & Alternative Medicines, Springhouse, PA, 1999.

LaValle, J.B., Krinsky, D.L., Hawkins, E.B, et. al., Natural Therapeutics Pocket Guide, Lexi-Comp, USA, 2000.

Gruenwald, J., Brendler, T., Jaenicke, C., PDR for Herbal Medicines, 2nd Ed., Medical Economics Company, NJ, 2000.

Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, Gruenwald J, Hall T, Riggins CW, Rister RS (eds.) The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Klein S, Rister RS, translators. Austin (TX): American Botanical Council; Boston (MA): Integrative Medicine Communications; 1998.

This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Material herein is derived from journals, textbooks, news releases, reference guides, etc. Graham Development, Inc. cannot be held responsible for the validity of the information contained in any reference noted herein or for the misuse of information or any adverse effects by use of any stated materials presented. ©2000 Scientific Herbals-unauthorized reproduction of this document is prohibited.

Hawthorn Standardized Herbal Supplement 17.29

Hawthorn Herbal Supplement 475 mg 9.59

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