Glucosamine

Glucosamine

(Anas comosus)

Antiarthritic agent in patients with osteoarthritis and other joint disorders.

Beren, 2000, Canapp, 1999, Das, 1999, Houpt, 1999, Leffler, 1999, Lippiello, 1999, 2000, McCarty, 1994, Phillipi, 1999, Shankland, 1998, Vaz, 1982

Dosage: 500mg three times daily

Pharmacology:

Glucosamine is an amino-sugar (mucopolysaccharides, mucoproteins, and chitin) that is naturally produced in humans and is synthetically manufactured. It is involved in the synthesis of glycolipids, glycoproteins, hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans which are the major structural components of cartilage. The administration of glucosamine is believed to stimulate the production of cartilage and allow rebuilding of damaged cartilage.

Theoretical Cautions and Contraindications:

No known contraindications. Avoid use in pregnant or breast-feeding women and in children. May cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort or stomach upset, constipation, diarrhea, drowsiness, headache, heartburn and rash.

Theoretical Interactions:

Insulin or oral hypoglycemics may be less effective and glucose levels in diabetic patients should be monitored.

References:

Abimbola Beren J, Hill S, Hammad T, Rose N. The therapeutic effect of glucosamine HCl/chondroitin sulfate combination of type II collagen-induced arthritis in D/A rats. Accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2000.

Adebowale A, Cox D, Liang Z, Eddington N. "Analysis of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Content in Marketed Products and the Caco-2 Permeability of Chondroitin Sulfate Raw Materials." JANA, Spring 2000; 3(1); 37-44.

Canapp SO, McLaughlin RM, Hoskinson JJ, Roush JK, Butine MD. Scintigraphic evaluation of glucosamine HCl and chondroitin sulfate as treatment for acute synovitis in dogs. AM J Vet Res December, 1999; 60(12):1550-1556.

Das AK, Eitel J, Hammad TA. "Efficacy of a new class of agents (glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate) in the treament of osteroarthritis of the knee." Paper # 180 presented at eh 66^th annual meeting, American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, Ahaheim, Calif, February 6, 1999. Accepted for publication in Osteoarthritis & Cartilage.

Houpt J, McMillan R, Wein C. Effect of glucosamine hydrochloride in the treatment of pain of osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of Rheumatology 1999; 26:2433-2430.

Leffler CT, Philippi AF, Leffler SG, Mosure JC, Kim PD. Glucosamine, chondroitin, and manganese ascorbate for degenerative joint disease of the knee or low back: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Mil Med February 1999; 164:2:85-91.

Lippiello L, Woodward J, Karpman R, Hammad TA. Beneficial effect of cartilage disease-modifying agents tested in chondrocyte cultures and a rabbit instability model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheum September 1999; 42(9) (supple S256).

Lippeillo L, Hammad T. "Dose response and synergistic effect of glucosamine HCl and chondroitin sulfate on in-vitro proteoglycan synthesis by bovine and human chrondrocytes." Paper presented at the 67^th annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, Orlando, Florida, 2000.

McCarty, M.F., "Vascular Heparan Sulfates May Limit the Ability of Leukocytes to Penetrate the Endothelial Barrier�Implications for Use of Glucosamine in Inflammatory Disorders," Med Hypotheses, 1998, 51(1):11-15.

McCarty, M.F., "The Neglect of Glucosamine as Treatment for Osteoarthritis," Med Hypotheses, 42:323-27, 1994.

Phillipi A.F., Leffler C.T., Leffler S.G., et al, "Glucosamine, Chondriotin, and Manganese Ascorbate for Degenerative Joint Disease of the Knee or Low Back: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study," Military Medicine, 1999, 164:85-91.

Shankland, W.E., 2^nd, "The Effects of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate on Osteorarthritis of the TMJ: A Preliminary Report of 50 Patients," Cranio, 1998, 16(4): 230-5.

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This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Material herein is derived from journals, textbooks, news releases, reference guides, etc. Graham Development, Inc. cannot be held responsible for the validity of the information contained in any reference noted herein or for the misuse of information or any adverse effects by use of any stated materials presented. �2000 Scientific Herbals-unauthorized reproduction of this document is prohibited.

Glucosamine HCL 500 mg 23.99

Glucomsamine HCL 500 mg & Boswellia extract 21.49

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